Unknown custody system

A Bitcoin cloud mining operation collapsed in August 2021 having never disclosed that it did not own any mining hardware. Marketing materials cited specific has

A Bitcoin cloud mining platform collapsed in May 2020. The platform had been issuing mining reports showing hash rate activity and daily BTC payouts. Post-colla

A July 2020 case describes a mining cooperative that had issued paper certificates representing shares of mining output since 2017. The cooperative's records we

A Bitcoin cloud mining platform that had been issuing daily mining reports closed in May 2019. The reports had shown daily BTC outputs but were found to be fabr

A Bitcoin mining pool that had been operating since 2016 collapsed in June 2019. The pool had never published its fee schedule, payout algorithm, or hashrate ve

A Bitcoin mining cooperative that had operated since 2015 dissolved in October 2018 following sustained losses from the bear market. The cooperative's founding

A cloud mining operator that had been running since 2015 suspended all mining allocations in September 2017. The operator claimed profitability had fallen below

A mining cooperative that had pooled resources since 2014 dissolved in December 2017 after accumulated earnings reached a significant value. The cooperative's f

A cloud mining operator that had been issuing daily BTC payouts since 2014 suspended payouts in April 2016 citing 'difficulty adjustments rendering operations u

A cloud mining operator dissolved in July 2016 after four years of operation. It had never published verifiable proof that it owned the mining hardware it claim

A Bitcoin mining cooperative that had operated since 2012 dissolved in September 2016 after its three founding members had a dispute about the remaining hardwar

A Bitcoin mining pool operator who had been running a private pool for friends and family since 2012 became unreachable in April 2015. The pool's mining rewards

A cloud mining operator that had sold two-year hash rate contracts in 2013 closed in June 2015 when the contracts reached maturity. The operator retained a port

A mining pool that had been paying rewards since 2012 updated its payout address management system in July 2015. The migration corrupted historical payout recor

The GAW Miners 'HashStaker' cloud mining product, launched in 2014, promised guaranteed hash rate returns with no documentation of underlying hardware. When ret

A cluster of cloud mining contracts sold throughout 2013–2014 by smaller operators had no documented maintenance reserves, no hardware inventory disclosures, an

Several ASIC mining hardware manufacturers (beyond Butterfly Labs) who had accepted BTC pre-orders in 2013–14 went silent in early 2014. They had no published r

A Bitcoin cloud mining company that had sold hash-rate contracts in 2013 stopped publishing mining statistics and pool data in May 2014. The contracts specified

By September 2013 thousands of FTC complaints had been filed against Butterfly Labs for undelivered ASIC miners. The company had no documented refund policy, no

Several small Bitcoin mining pools that operated in 2012 and early 2013 ceased operations in 2013 without notice. Pool operators who held unpaid miner balances