CustodyStress
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Part of the CustodyStress archive of observed Bitcoin custody incidents
CS-01225

Seed unavailable — Ledger Nano X (2024)

Constrained
Case description
A 2024 case involved a Ledger Nano X where the seed phrase had been stored in a safety deposit box at a bank branch that subsequently closed. The holder was notified of the closure but did not act before the branch closed. Their contents were transferred to another branch, but by the time the holder attempted to retrieve the seed phrase, the transferred contents could not be located in the new branch's inventory. The bank eventually found the items in off-site storage after approximately eight weeks, but the episode illustrated how institutional storage of seed phrase backups introduced a separate institutional dependency into an otherwise self-custody arrangement.
Custody context
Stress conditionSeed phrase unavailable
Custody systemHardware wallet (single key)
OutcomeConstrained
DocumentationUnknown
Year observed2024
CountryUnited States
What this illustrates
Without the seed phrase, the wallet couldn't be restored — on any device, ever. Whether full access was ultimately possible is unclear, but significant delay or outside intervention was involved.
Outcome interpretation
Access remained possible, but only with delay, dependence, or significant difficulty.
Source
Privately Reported
Evidence type
News article
Related cases involving seed phrase unavailable
146 cases involve seed phrase unavailable 274 cases involve hardware wallet (single key) View archive statistics →
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Framework references
Terms guide
Survives
Access remained possible under the reported conditions.
Constrained
Access remained possible, but only with delay, dependence, or significant difficulty.
Blocked
Access was not possible under the reported conditions.
Indeterminate
There was not enough information to determine the outcome.
Single-person knowledge
Recovery depended on information or capability held by one individual who was unavailable.
Institutional dependence
Recovery depended on a third-party institution or service that was inaccessible or uncooperative.
Documentation gap
Recovery depended on instructions that were missing, incomplete, or unclear.
Authority mismatch
The person with legal authority to act did not have operational access, or vice versa.
Original text
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