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Part of the CustodyStress archive of observed Bitcoin custody incidents
CS-01347

Passphrase unavailable — Armory (2025)

Survives
Case description
A 2025 recovery case involved an old Armory wallet from 2013 where the holder had set a passphrase they were certain they remembered but which consistently failed to decrypt the wallet. An analysis revealed that the wallet had been created on a Windows machine that had AutoCorrect enabled, and the passphrase contained a word that Windows had silently autocorrected to a capitalised version at the time of creation. The stored passphrase was therefore different from what the holder believed they had typed. Once the recovery specialist identified that the discrepancy was likely capitalisation-related, a targeted attack covering the most common autocorrect transformations for the remembered passphrase recovered the wallet within a few hours.
Custody context
Stress conditionPassphrase unavailable
Custody systemDesktop Software Wallet
OutcomeSurvives
DocumentationUnknown
Year observed2025
CountryInternational
Structural dependencies observed
Technical specialist required
Outcome interpretation
Access remained possible under the reported conditions.
Source
Privately Reported
Evidence type
News article
Related cases involving passphrase unavailable
217 cases involve passphrase unavailable 25 cases involve desktop software wallet View archive statistics →
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Framework references
Terms guide
Survives
Access remained possible under the reported conditions.
Constrained
Access remained possible, but only with delay, dependence, or significant difficulty.
Blocked
Access was not possible under the reported conditions.
Indeterminate
There was not enough information to determine the outcome.
Single-person knowledge
Recovery depended on information or capability held by one individual who was unavailable.
Institutional dependence
Recovery depended on a third-party institution or service that was inaccessible or uncooperative.
Documentation gap
Recovery depended on instructions that were missing, incomplete, or unclear.
Authority mismatch
The person with legal authority to act did not have operational access, or vice versa.
Original text
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