Part of the CustodyStress archive of observed Bitcoin custody incidents
CS-00975
The estate identified 23 different wallet addresses with total holdings estimated at
ConstrainedCase description
A Bitcoin miner who had been operating since 2013 died in November 2021. The estate identified 23 different wallet addresses with total holdings estimated at over 100 BTC. Fourteen wallets were successfully recovered using private keys found on old computers. Nine wallets remained locked behind unknown passphrases. The nine inaccessible wallets represented approximately 60% of the total estimated holdings.
Custody context
| Stress condition | Owner death |
| Custody system | Mobile or software wallet |
| Outcome | Constrained |
| Documentation | Unknown |
| Year observed | 2021 |
| Country | Unknown |
Structural dependencies observed
What this illustrates
There was only one way in. When that path was gone, so was access. Whether full access was ultimately possible is unclear, but significant delay or outside intervention was involved.
Outcome interpretation
Access remained possible, but only with delay, dependence, or significant difficulty.
Source
Publicly Reported
Evidence type
Forum post
Related cases involving owner death
This archive documents observed custody survivability failures. It does not attempt to document all Bitcoin losses or security incidents.
Submit a case
← All cases
Framework references
Where Bitcoin Custody Intersects Legal and Fiduciary Authority
Where custody creates gaps in estate planning, fiduciary duty, and professional responsibility.
Professional Scope Boundary Matrix
What each professional or product covers, what they do not, and where gaps form between them.
The Independent Assessment Layer in Bitcoin Custody
How independent diagnostic layers emerge when multiple parties depend on shared infrastructure.
Translate