Part of the CustodyStress archive of observed Bitcoin custody incidents
CS-01298
Coinbase required a death certificate plus letters testamentary, typically a 4–8 week
IndeterminateCase description
A 2024 analysis of exchange estate access procedures by a digital estate planning firm found significant variation across major platforms. Coinbase required a death certificate plus letters testamentary, typically a 4–8 week process. Kraken required a sworn affidavit, death certificate, and letters testamentary or small estate affidavit depending on jurisdiction, typically 6–12 weeks. Gemini required notarised documents and a formal court order in some jurisdictions. The variation meant that estates with holdings across multiple exchanges faced multiple parallel processes, each with different documentation requirements and timelines—compounding delays for estates where time was sensitive due to price volatility.
Custody context
| Stress condition | Owner death |
| Custody system | Exchange custody |
| Outcome | Indeterminate |
| Documentation | Unknown |
| Year observed | 2024 |
| Country | United States |
Structural dependencies observed
What this illustrates
Getting access back required help from an institution — and that help wasn't available. It's not clear whether anyone ever regained access.
Outcome interpretation
Not enough information is available to determine the outcome.
Source
Publicly Reported
Evidence type
News article
Related cases involving owner death
This archive documents observed custody survivability failures. It does not attempt to document all Bitcoin losses or security incidents.
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Framework references
Where Bitcoin Custody Intersects Legal and Fiduciary Authority
Where custody creates gaps in estate planning, fiduciary duty, and professional responsibility.
Professional Scope Boundary Matrix
What each professional or product covers, what they do not, and where gaps form between them.
The Independent Assessment Layer in Bitcoin Custody
How independent diagnostic layers emerge when multiple parties depend on shared infrastructure.
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