Part of the CustodyStress archive of observed Bitcoin custody incidents
CS-01238
Multisig quorum failure — hardware wallet (2024)
SurvivesCase description
A 2024 Casa multisignature custody case involved a 2-of-3 setup where the holder's mobile key was stored on a phone that had been factory-reset after the holder upgraded to a new device without first migrating the Casa key. The Casa app was reinstalled on the new device, but the key was not present—it had been on the old device's secure element and was not included in the cloud backup. Casa's recovery process required the holder to demonstrate identity and use their remaining two keys—a hardware key and Casa's server key—to reach quorum and generate a new mobile key. The process took approximately two weeks but required no loss of funds.
Custody context
| Stress condition | Multisig quorum failure |
| Custody system | Hardware wallet (single key) |
| Outcome | Survives |
| Documentation | Unknown |
| Year observed | 2024 |
| Country | International |
Structural dependencies observed
Outcome interpretation
Access remained possible under the reported conditions.
Source
Privately Reported
Evidence type
News article
Related cases involving multisig quorum failure
77 cases involve multisig quorum failure
274 cases involve hardware wallet (single key)
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This archive documents observed custody survivability failures. It does not attempt to document all Bitcoin losses or security incidents.
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Framework references
Where Bitcoin Custody Intersects Legal and Fiduciary Authority
Where custody creates gaps in estate planning, fiduciary duty, and professional responsibility.
Professional Scope Boundary Matrix
What each professional or product covers, what they do not, and where gaps form between them.
The Independent Assessment Layer in Bitcoin Custody
How independent diagnostic layers emerge when multiple parties depend on shared infrastructure.