Part of the CustodyStress archive of observed Bitcoin custody incidents
CS-00913
Multisig quorum failure — exchange custody (2021)
BlockedCase description
A DAO treasury held in a 2-of-3 Gnosis Safe multisig was compromised in July 2021 when one key holder's private key was phished through a malicious governance proposal that requested a wallet signature. The attacker gained control of one key and used social engineering to persuade one of the other key holders to co-sign a fraudulent transaction, achieving the 2-of-3 threshold.
Custody context
| Stress condition | Multisig quorum failure |
| Custody system | Exchange custody |
| Outcome | Blocked |
| Documentation | Unknown |
| Year observed | 2021 |
| Country | Unknown |
Structural dependencies observed
What this illustrates
Getting access back required help from an institution — and that help wasn't available. Access was not recoverable.
Outcome interpretation
Access was not possible under the reported conditions.
Source
Publicly Reported
Evidence type
Forum post
Evidence link
Related cases involving multisig quorum failure
77 cases involve multisig quorum failure
512 cases involve exchange custody
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This archive documents observed custody survivability failures. It does not attempt to document all Bitcoin losses or security incidents.
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Framework references
Where Bitcoin Custody Intersects Legal and Fiduciary Authority
Where custody creates gaps in estate planning, fiduciary duty, and professional responsibility.
Professional Scope Boundary Matrix
What each professional or product covers, what they do not, and where gaps form between them.
The Independent Assessment Layer in Bitcoin Custody
How independent diagnostic layers emerge when multiple parties depend on shared infrastructure.
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